Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Overview
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is a bacterial infection affecting parts of the urinary system—most commonly the bladder and urethra. It develops when bacteria, usually from the digestive tract, enter the urinary system and begin to multiply. UTIs can be categorized into different types based on where the infection occurs:
- Cystitis (bladder infection): Typically causes pelvic discomfort, pressure, and a persistent urge to urinate, even if the bladder is nearly empty.
- Urethritis (infection of the ...
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Overview
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is a bacterial infection affecting parts of the urinary system—most commonly the bladder and urethra. It develops when bacteria, usually from the digestive tract, enter the urinary system and begin to multiply. UTIs can be categorized into different types based on where the infection occurs:
- Cystitis (bladder infection): Typically causes pelvic discomfort, pressure, and a persistent urge to urinate, even if the bladder is nearly empty.
- Urethritis (infection of the urethra): Often presents with a burning sensation while urinating.
- Pyelonephritis (kidney infection): This more severe infection causes fever, chills, back or side pain, and nausea.
UTI Development Stages:
1- Early stage (colonization): The infection begins when bacteria enter the urethra, the tube that allows urine to exit the body. At this stage, a person might not feel any symptoms, but bacterial growth is happening.
2- Bladder infection (cystitis): Once bacteria reach the bladder, inflammation sets in, causing a burning sensation during urination, frequent urination, and the urgent need to urinate even if the bladder is almost empty. Some people may also notice discomfort or pressure in the lower abdomen.
3- Spreading infection (upper UTI): If untreated, bacteria may move from the bladder up to the kidneys, leading to a more serious infection called pyelonephritis. At this stage, symptoms escalate to include fever, chills, flank pain, and potentially nausea or vomiting. This can lead to kidney damage if not promptly treated.
A mild UTI may resolve on its own within a few days, especially in cases where the immune system successfully fights off the infection. However, most UTIs require antibiotic treatment to fully clear the infection and prevent recurrence. The typical duration of a treated UTI is about 3 to 7 days. Without treatment, the infection can persist and worsen, potentially spreading to the kidneys or bloodstream (sepsis), which can lead to severe complications.
While many UTIs are mild, untreated or recurrent infections can lead to:
- Kidney infections (pyelonephritis): A more serious infection that can cause lasting kidney damage.
- Sepsis: A life-threatening condition that occurs if the infection spreads into the bloodstream.
- Chronic UTIs: Repeated or prolonged infections can lead to scarring of the urinary tract and ongoing discomfort.
UTIs should be treated promptly to avoid complications, particularly in populations with higher risk factors such as pregnant women, people with weakened immune systems, or those with underlying medical conditions.
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