The inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an idiopathic disease involving an immune reaction of the body to its own intestinal tract. IBD comprised of 2 major disorders which includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. These disorders have both distinct and overlapping pathologic and clinical characteristics.

What is Ulcerative colitis?

Ulcerative colitis is a disease that causes ulcers in the lining of rectum and colon. Ulcers from where inflammation has killed the cells that usually line the colon. The disease extends proximally from the anal verge to involve all or part of the colon.
Common symptom of Crohn's disease are abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss. Less common symptoms include Poor appetite, Fever, Night sweats, rectal pain and rectal bleeding. Some patients with CD also develop symptoms outside of the gastrointestinal tract;these include Arthritis, Skin rash and inflammation of iris of the eye.

As the lining of the intestine becomes inflamed and ulcerated, it loses its ability to adequately process food and waste or absorb water, resulting in loose stools (diarrhea), and in severe cases weight loss. Most people with Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis experience an urgency to have bowel movement and have abdominal cramps. Inflammation can cause small sores (ulcers) to form in the colon and rectum. These can join together and become large ulcers that bleed, resulting in bloody stools. Blood loss can eventually lead to anemia if unchecked.

Ulcerative colitis

Common symptoms of ulcerative colitis include rectal bleeding and diarrhea .Variability of symptoms reflects differences in the extent of disease (the amount of the colon and rectum that are inflamed).Generally patients with inflammation confined to the rectum and short segment of colon adjacent to rectum have milder symptoms and a better prognosis than patient with more wide spread inflammation of colon. Based on the area of inflammation there are 4 types of UC ie, Ulcerative Proctitis, Procto sigmoiditis, Left sided colitis, Pan colitis, Fulminant colitis.